Network_Basic Concepts

What is the Computer Network?

Connecting two computers to share resources (Physical connection or Logical connection):

Physical connection: Cables, wires (Communication is possible through interface cards that connect the cables)

Logical connection: The means by which data itself is transmitted logically through the wires (data bits, protocols, etc.)

 

Basic Networking Rules:

1. To communicate with each other, they must call a protocol.
2. When data is transmitted, it should be preserved,
♠  Exception: In streaming services, protocols that don't fully preserve data can be used,

                      but this can cause issues like video glitches or freezing.
3. When data moves between computers, the source and destination addresses must be clear.

 

Computer Network Sizes:

Personal Area Network: The smallest network. (like connecting two devices via Bluetooth)

Local Area Network: A familiar local network. (such as a WIFI network that covers an entire classroom or home)

Wirless Local Area Network: A wireless local network. (like the network used for TVs or IT products installed in a home).

Campust Area Network: A network designed for a campus-sized area.

Metropolitan Area Network: A network for a city. (where multiple buildings are connected by different ISPs)

Wide Area Network: A wide area network. (a computer network that extends across multiple cities, like the internet)

 

Network Architecture:

Peer to Peer(P2P):  There is no server. Each peer (device) can act as both a server and a client.

Let's assume the left laptop is mine and the right one is my girlfriend's. 
She can give me files and grant permissions, and I can also share data or permissions with her. 
In a P2P (Peer to Peer) network, devices can share resources with each other as desired, 

making it simple to design the network.

Client-Server: There is a server and client devices.

To connect client devices to the server and network, they must go through an authentication server.
Once authentication is complete, the server sends the data requested by the client.
The important point is that the server operates under centralized control.
Therefore, designing, managing, and securing the network to prevent hacking is more complex than in a P2P system.